| Target: |
TNF alpha (Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) |
| Reactivity: |
Pig |
| Host: |
Rabbit |
| Clonality: |
Polyclonal |
| Conjugate: |
This TNF alpha antibody is un-conjugated |
| Application: |
ELISA, western blotting (WB) |
| Specificity: |
This product was Protein-A purified from monospecific antiserum by chromatography. It is specific for swine TNFalpha protein. |
| Characteristics: |
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in humans is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine. It is expressed by many different stimulated cell types including monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and both T and B-lymphocytes, but especially by macrophages. It affects most organs. The production of TNF alpha is induced by IL-1, PDGF, IFN-beta, NGF, Oncostatin M and certain fungal, viral, and parasitic invasions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide is an especially potent stimulus. The primary role of TNFalpha is in the regulation of immune cells. TNF alpha mediates septic shock in response to infection. It initiates a cascade of cytokines and increases vascular permeability, thereby recruiting macrophages and neutrophils. TNFalpha secreted by macrophages causes blood clotting which helps contain infection. TNFalpha is also able to induce apoptotic cell death or inflammation, and to inhibit viral replication. It possesses growth stimulating, inhibitory, and self regulatory properties. Dysregulation of TNFalpha production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, as well as cancer. The presence of TNFalpha is responsible for diverse immunomodulatory and toxic effects. For instance, TNFalpha induces neutrophil proliferation during inflammation, but it also induces neutrophil apoptosis upon binding to the TNF-R55 receptor. TNFalpha causes necrosis of some types of tumors, but promotes growth of other types. Low levels may aid in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the body's circadian rhythm, and may promote remodeling or replacement of injured and senescent tissue by stimulating fibroblast growth. High levels of TNFalpha correlate with increased risk of mortality. |
| Purification: |
purified |
| Immunogen: |
This protein-A purified antibody was prepared from whole rabbit serum produced by repeated immunizations with a recombinant protein raised in yeast, corresponding to 154 amino acids of mature swine TNFalpha. Immunogen type: Recombinant protein. |
| Isotype: |
IgG |
| Format: |
Lyophilized |
| Concentration: |
1.0 mg/mL |
| Reconstitution: |
Reconstitution buffer: restore with deionized water (or equivalent), Reconstitution volume: 100 µL |
| Buffer: |
0.02 M potassium phosphate, 0.15 M sodium chloride, pH7.2. |
| Precaution of Use: |
This product contains sodium azide: a poisonous and hazardous substance which should be handled by trained staff only. |
| Storage: |
4°C, - 20°C |
| Storage Comment: |
Store vial at 4°C prior to restoration. For extended storage aliquot contents and freeze at - 20°C or below. Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing. Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature. This product is stable for several weeks at 4°C as an undiluted liquid. Dilute only prior to immediate use. Expiration date is one year from date of opening. |
| Expiry Date: |
12 months |
| Alternative Name: |
TNF alpha |
| Synonyms: |
DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, RATTNF, Tnfa, tnf, TNF-a, TNFalpha, Tnfsf1a, TNFa, cTNF, Tnf-alpha, tnfa-like, TNF-ALPHA, dif, tnfa, xtnf, tnfsf2, tnf-alpha, Cachectin, tumor necrosis factor, tumor necrosis factor b (TNF superfamily, member 2), tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2), TNF, Tnf, tnf, tnfb, tnf-alpha, LOC103694380, tnfa. |
| Background: |
TNFα is a versatile inflammatory cytokine produced by various cell types, primarily macrophages, in response to stimuli like infections and certain molecules. Its main function is regulating immune responses, including initiating septic shock during infections. TNFα triggers a cascade of cytokines, increases vascular permeability, recruits immune cells, and aids in blood clotting to contain infections. Dysregulation of TNFα production is associated with several diseases, including cancer, due to its diverse effects on immune modulation and toxicity. TNFα can promote both inflammation and cell death, inhibit viral replication, and influence tumor growth. Its levels play a role in maintaining bodily balance, regulating circadian rhythm, and promoting tissue repair. However, elevated TNFα levels are linked to increased mortality risk. |
