| Synonyms: |
DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, RATTNF, Tnfa, tnf, TNF-a, TNFalpha, Tnfsf1a, TNFa, cTNF, Tnf-alpha, tnfa-like, TNF-ALPHA, dif, tnfa, xtnf, tnfsf2, tnf-alpha, Cachectin, tumor necrosis factor, tumor necrosis factor b (TNF superfamily, member 2), tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2), TNF, Tnf, tnf, tnfb, tnf-alpha, LOC103694380, tnfa. |
| Background: |
This monoclonal antibody targets a human protein ranging from 17 to 26 kDa, identified as TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha), a cytokine. TNF-alpha exists either as a 17 kDa soluble form or as a 26 kDa membrane-bound protein. It is secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and induces tumor necrosis when administered to mice with tumors. TNF-alpha exhibits cytolytic effects on specific transformed cells and synergizes with interferon-gamma in its cytotoxicity. While it minimally affects most cultured normal human cells, it directly harms vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, TNF-alpha stimulates the growth of human fibroblasts and various cell lines, activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and triggers the production of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2, and collagenase. |
